Do Viruses Coexist with Airborne Particles? The Role and Limitations of Filtration in Public Spaces
Viruses often adhere to aerosols or airborne particles, becoming part of indoor air. While high-efficiency filtration systems such as HEPA and MERV 13+ filters are effective in capturing particles above 0.3μm, their deployment in public spaces faces both technical and regulatory limitations. This article explores the role of air filtration in viral mitigation and the challenges involved.
Will Viruses Float in the Air?
Most viruses don’t float freely but attach to droplets or aerosols, released during talking, coughing, or breathing. These typically range from 0.5–10μm in size—within the effective filtration range of HEPA and MERV-rated filters.
Airborne Transmission Risks in Public Spaces
In public places like hospitals, clinics, schools, elder care facilities, office buildings, and transit stations, poor HVAC circulation without proper filtration can lead to increased accumulation of airborne particles and potential pathogens.
The Role of Filters: MERV vs. HEPA
Higher MERV ratings correspond to better filtration of fine particles. MERV 13 filters can effectively capture particles in the 1–3μm range, while HEPA filters remove 99.97% of particles at 0.3μm—significantly reducing airborne microbial concentrations.
Limitations and Regulatory Considerations
🔸 Filters are not sterilizers—they cannot claim to ‘eliminate’ viruses or ‘prevent diseases’
🔸 Installing HEPA filters may require rebalancing HVAC systems due to pressure drop
🔸 Poor maintenance or overdue replacements may turn filters into secondary pollution sources
🔸 Advertising claims must avoid any suggestion of medical efficacy, per local regulations
Application Scenarios and Recommendations
✔ Healthcare: Use MERV 13+ filters with timely replacement to protect patients and staff
✔ Education: Adding filters helps reduce aerosol concentrations in group settings
✔ Offices & Malls: Upgrade central systems to medium or high-efficiency filters and add FFUs to high-risk zones
✔ Public Transport: Use high-efficiency recirculation purifiers where ventilation is limited
Filtration ≠ Cure, But It Helps
Filtration systems are not medical devices, but they play a critical supporting role in improving air quality and reducing exposure to airborne pathogens. Choosing the right filter rating and ensuring proper maintenance is key to a healthier indoor environment.
📍 Learn more about professional filtration solutions ➜ Full range of air filter products
